Nusantara Sehat: Jurnal Kesehatan Indonesia
Nusantara Sehat: Jurnal Kesehatan Indonesia (E-ISSN: 3110-2522) is a scientific journal that publishes original research works in the field of health. This journal is published by PT Bukuloka Literasi Bangsa (Registration Number AHU-0065707.AH.01.01.2024) with the aim of becoming a scientific publication platform for researchers, academics, and practitioners who contribute to the development of health science and practice in Indonesia. With a broad range of topics, Nusantara Sehat accepts research manuscripts from various health disciplines, including but not limited to: public health, nursing, midwifery, medicine, pharmacy, nutrition, environmental health, health promotion, and health policy. All articles published in Nusantara Sehat undergo a rigorous peer review process to ensure the scientific quality and relevance of research findings to the advancement of health science at the local, national, and global levels. This journal is published regularly six times a year, in January, March, May, July, September and November. We invite researchers, academics, and practitioners to submit scientific papers according to the established publication schedule. DOI JOURNAL: https://doi.org/10.65307/NSJKI
Determinan Makro Prevalensi Stunting di Jawa Tengah: Peran ASI, Air Bersih, dan Kepemilikan BPJS
Pendahuluan: Stunting merupakan indikator kegagalan pertumbuhan kronis yang dipengaruhi determinan multidimensional. Provinsi Jawa Tengah berhasil menurunkan prevalensi stunting menjadi 17,1% pada 2024, namun ketimpangan antarwilayah masih tinggi. Kajian determinan stunting selama ini didominasi pendekatan mikro, sementara analisis kewilayahan yang mengintegrasikan faktor nutrisi, lingkungan, dan jaminan sosial masih terbatas. Tujuan: Menganalisis korelasi antara lama pemberian ASI, ketersediaan air bersih, dan kepemilikan BPJS dengan prevalensi stunting di Jawa Tengah tahun 2024. Metode: Studi ekologi dengan desain observasional analitik pada 35 kabupaten/kota di Jawa Tengah. Data sekunder dari SSGI dan Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson dengan ambang signifikansi p < 0,05. Hasil: Ketersediaan air bersih (r = -0,346; p = 0,042) dan kepemilikan BPJS (r = -0,426; p = 0,011) berkorelasi negatif signifikan dengan prevalensi stunting, dengan BPJS sebagai variabel paling dominan. Lama pemberian ASI tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan (p = 0,222) pada skala agregat wilayah. Kesimpulan: Pemerataan infrastruktur air bersih dan perluasan cakupan BPJS perlu diprioritaskan dalam kebijakan percepatan penurunan stunting. Keterbatasan studi mencakup potensi ecological fallacy dan absennya kontrol perancu individu. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan menggunakan desain multilevel untuk mengintegrasikan determinan makro dan mikro. Kata Kunci: air bersih, ASI, BPJS, stunting
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Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Penatalaksanaan Perawatan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Polowijen Malang
Pendahuluan: Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 merupakan penyakit kronis yang memerlukan perubahan gaya hidup jangka panjang, namun banyak pasien mengalami kesulitan dalam menjalankan perawatan secara konsisten. Prevalensi DM Tipe 2 terus meningkat baik secara global maupun di Indonesia, sementara dukungan keluarga sebagai sistem pendukung terdekat memiliki peran penting dalam keberhasilan pengelolaan penyakit. Penelitian mengenai dukungan keluarga di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Polowijen Malang belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan penatalaksanaan perawatan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Polowijen Kota Malang. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif korelasional dan pendekatan cross-sectional pada 46 responden yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi penderita DM Tipe 2 berusia ≥40 tahun dan tinggal bersama keluarga. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dukungan keluarga dan kuesioner penatalaksanaan perawatan DM Tipe 2, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman's rho. Hasil: Sebagian besar responden memperoleh dukungan keluarga yang baik (80,4%) dan lebih dari setengah responden patuh dalam penatalaksanaan perawatan DM Tipe 2 (54,3%). Uji Spearman's rho menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dan kuat antara dukungan keluarga dengan penatalaksanaan perawatan DM Tipe 2 (p < 0,001; r = 0,638) dengan arah hubungan positif. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan kuat antara dukungan keluarga dengan penatalaksanaan perawatan DM Tipe 2, di mana semakin baik dukungan keluarga maka semakin tinggi kepatuhan pasien. Keterbatasan penelitian mencakup cakupan satu puskesmas dan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan menggunakan desain longitudinal dengan cakupan wilayah yang lebih luas. Kata Kunci: dukungan keluarga, penatalaksanaan perawatan, diabetes melitus tipe 2
Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Rajeg Kabupaten Tangerang
Latar Belakang. Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi tinggi dan menjadi faktor risiko utama terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular. Salah satu faktor yang dapat dimodifikasi dalam pengendalian hipertensi adalah aktivitas fisik. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi di Puskesmas Rajeg Kabupaten Tangerang. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 171 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Data aktivitas fisik dikumpulkan menggunakan International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), sedangkan tekanan darah diukur menggunakan sphygmomanometer. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden berusia 41–60 tahun (72,5%) dan berjenis kelamin perempuan (67,8%). Mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat aktivitas fisik sedang (74,3%). Tekanan darah responden paling banyak berada pada kategori hipertensi derajat 1 (42,1%). Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi dengan nilai p = 0,001 dan koefisien korelasi r = -0,245, yang menunjukkan hubungan negatif dengan kekuatan lemah. Kesimpulan dan Saran. Terdapat hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Rajeg Kabupaten Tangerang, dimana semakin tinggi aktivitas fisik maka tekanan darah cenderung lebih rendah. Disarankan bagi pasien hipertensi untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik secara rutin sebagai upaya pengendalian tekanan darah. Kata Kunci: Aktivitas Fisik, Tekanan Darah, Hipertensi
Pola Konsumsi Makanan, Kecukupan Energi dan Zat Gizi Makro Mahasiswa Politeknik Kesehatan TNI AU Adisutjipto Yogyakarta
Pendahuluan: Pola konsumsi makanan berkaitan erat dengan kebiasaan makan dan kecukupan zat gizi yang menjadi faktor penting dalam pembangunan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Mahasiswa merupakan kelompok usia transisi yang rentan memiliki pola makan tidak sehat akibat padatnya aktivitas akademik dan perubahan gaya hidup. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan tingginya proporsi mahasiswa dengan asupan gizi yang belum optimal, namun gambaran pola konsumsi dan kecukupan zat gizi makro mahasiswa Poltekkes TNI AU Adisutjipto Yogyakarta belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pola konsumsi makanan, tingkat kecukupan energi, dan tingkat kecukupan zat gizi makro (protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat) pada mahasiswa. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan 63 mahasiswa dipilih secara purposive sampling (non-probability). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengukuran dan wawancara secara langsung meliputi status gizi yang diperoleh melalui Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT), aktivitas fisik menggunakan International Physical Activity Questionnaire Adolescent (IPAQ), pola konsumsi makanan menggunakan Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), dan kecukupan energi serta kecukupan zat gizi makro menggunakan Food Recall 3x24 jam. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat. Hasil: Sebanyak 46% mahasiswa memiliki pola konsumsi makanan yang beragam. Kecukupan energi pada 31,7% mahasiswa termasuk defisit tingkat ringan. Kecukupan protein (96,8%) dan kecukupan karbohidrat (92,1%) tergolong kurang. Kecukupan lemak 66,7% mahasiswa tergolong optimal. Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa memiliki pola konsumsi makanan yang beragam dengan kecukupan energi defisit tingkat ringan, kecukupan protein dan karbohidrat kurang, serta kecukupan lemak optimal. Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya edukasi dan intervensi gizi di lingkungan kampus untuk memperbaiki pola makan mahasiswa. Keterbatasan penelitian ini terletak pada desain deskriptif dan jumlah sampel yang terbatas, sehingga penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan analisis bivariat atau multivariat dengan sampel yang lebih besar. Kata Kunci: Pola konsumsi makanan, kecukupan energi, dan zat gizi makro
Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Hamil Terhadap Konsumsi Tablet Zat Besi untuk Mencegah Anemia dan Stunting di UPT Puskesmas Kampung Dalam
Pendahuluan: Anemia pada ibu hamil merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang berdampak signifikan terhadap ibu dan janin, termasuk peningkatan risiko stunting pada anak. Prevalensi stunting di Kalimantan Barat mencapai 29,8% dan menempati peringkat ke-7 tertinggi di Indonesia. Pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil terhadap konsumsi tablet zat besi menjadi faktor penting dalam upaya pencegahan, namun kajian di tingkat puskesmas masih terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil terhadap konsumsi tablet zat besi untuk mencegah anemia dan stunting di UPT Puskesmas Kampung Dalam Kota Pontianak. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terhadap 100 ibu hamil yang memeriksakan kehamilannya di UPT Puskesmas Kampung Dalam pada Februari 2025, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dengan kategorisasi pengetahuan menurut Arikunto dan kategorisasi sikap menurut Budiman. Hasil: Tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai stunting menunjukkan kategori baik sebanyak 74 responden (74%), cukup 25 responden (25%), dan kurang 1 responden (1%). Seluruh responden (100%) memiliki sikap positif terhadap konsumsi tablet zat besi sebagai upaya pencegahan anemia dan stunting. Kesimpulan: Mayoritas ibu hamil memiliki pengetahuan baik dan sikap positif terhadap konsumsi tablet zat besi untuk mencegah anemia dan stunting. Keterbatasan penelitian terletak pada cakupan satu puskesmas dan desain deskriptif tanpa analisis hubungan antarvariabel. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan menggunakan desain analitik untuk menguji hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet zat besi. Kata Kunci: anemia, pengetahuan, sikap, stunting
Faktor Manusia dalam Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di Wisata Petualangan: Studi Eksploratif
Pendahuluan: Sektor wisata petualangan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) tumbuh pesat pascapandemi dengan profil risiko kerja yang tinggi, namun didominasi pekerja informal. Studi pendahuluan mengungkap fenomena paradoksal di mana pekerja berpengalaman justru memandang risiko lebih rendah, sementara literatur K3 yang ada lebih berfokus pada perspektif wisatawan. Tujuan: Mengeksplorasi faktor manusia yang memengaruhi K3 di sektor wisata petualangan DIY dan mengungkap mekanisme di balik paradoks pengalaman. Metode: Penelitian kualitatif eksploratif dengan purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui empat sesi Focus Group Discussion (16 partisipan dari Goa Kiskendo, Wisata Canden, Benteng Vredeburg, dan Pantai Drini) dan wawancara mendalam dengan 20 informan kunci, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan thematic analysis Braun & Clarke. Hasil: Teridentifikasi empat tema utama: (1) paradoks pengalaman akibat habituasi dan bias kognitif; (2) kesenjangan antara pengetahuan prosedural dan substansial; (3) tekanan psikososial dan kelelahan sebagai determinan risiko; serta (4) dualitas budaya keselamatan antara model birokratis-formal dan komunal-solidaritas. Pengalaman traumatik langsung terbukti menjadi pematah paradoks pengalaman. Kesimpulan: Intervensi K3 perlu melampaui pendekatan teknis dengan menyentuh dimensi psikologis dan kultural melalui pelatihan berbasis metakognisi, pelaporan near-miss, dan dukungan kesehatan mental. Keterbatasan penelitian pada cakupan geografis dan desain cross-sectional menyarankan studi longitudinal lintas wilayah untuk penelitian lanjutan. Kata Kunci: faktor manusia, wisata petualangan, paradoks pengalaman, keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Stunting dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita 12–24 Bulan di Desa Hitu Messing Kecamatan Leihitu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Abstrak Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius di Indonesia, terutama di daerah pedesaan. Pengetahuan ibu tentang stunting diyakini mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada balita. Desa Hitu Messing merupakan salah satu desa di Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Hitu yang memiliki jumlah balita stunting sebanyak 31 balita. untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu tentang stunting dengan kejadian stunting pada balita 12-24 bulan di Desa Hitu Messing. metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi seluruh ibu yang mempunyai balita 12-24 bulan di Desa Hitu Messing berjumlah 125 ibu. Sampel penelitian dipilih secara acak (random sampling) dari populasi ibu yang memiliki balita 12-24 bulan di Desa Hitu Messing berjumlah 44 ibu. Teknik penelitian ini digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan variabel independent dan variabel dependen. Alat ukur menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 44 responden terdapat ibu yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 19 orang (42,2%) dan sebagian besar memiliki balita stunting sebanyak 24 (54,5%). Analisis uji bivariat menggunakan uji chi square didapatkan nilai = 0,000 yang mana nilai lebih kecil dri nilai α = 0,05. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. ada hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang stunting dengan kejadian stunting pada balita 12-24 bulan di Desa Hitu Messing Kecamatan Leihitu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan ibu, stunting, balita
Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Upaya Pencegahan Risiko Hipertensi pada Remaja di Desa Pagerwesi Kecamatan Trucuk Kabupaten Bojonegoro
ABSTRAK Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang dikenal sebagai silent killer karena sering tidak menimbulkan gejala tetapi dapat menyebabkan komplikasi serius apabila tidak dicegah sejak dini. Risiko hipertensi dapat muncul sejak usia remaja akibat gaya hidup tidak sehat seperti pola makan kurang baik, kurang aktivitas fisik, dan kebiasaan merokok. Oleh karena itu upaya pencegahan perlu dilakukan sedini mungkin melalui penerapan perilaku hidup sehat dengan dukungan keluarga sebagai lingkungan terdekat remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan upaya pencegahan risiko hipertensi pada remaja di Desa Pagerwesi Kecamatan Trucuk Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh remaja di Desa Pagerwesi Kecamatan Trucuk Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak empat puluh satu orang. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner dukungan keluarga dan kuesioner upaya pencegahan risiko hipertensi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji spearman rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai p-value kurang dari 0,001 yang menandakan adanya hubungan bermakna antara dukungan keluarga dengan upaya pencegahan risiko hipertensi pada remaja. Nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar r sama dengan 0.606 menunjukkan hubungan kuat dan positif dimana semakin baik dukungan keluarga yang diterima maka semakin baik pula upaya pencegahan yang dilakukan remaja. Dukungan keluarga yang optimal dapat mendorong remaja lebih peduli terhadap kesehatan serta konsisten menerapkan perilaku hidup sehat sebagai langkah pencegahan hipertensi sejak dini secara berkelanjutan dan efektif berkesinambungan. Kata Kunci: Dukungan Keluarga, Upaya Pencegahan, Risiko Hipertensi, Remaja
Hubungan Kegiatan Keagamaan dengan Adaptasi Psikososial Wanita Menopause yang Beragama Islam di Kelurahan Ladang Bambu Tahun 2025
ABSTRAK Menopause merupakan berhentinya pola siklus menstruasi pada wanita diantara usia 45-55 tahun. Suatu tahap dimana masa reproduksi telah berakhir, dan setiap tahapan ini akan dilalui oleh semua wanita. Dengan meningkatnya kesejahteraan manusia maka usia harapan hidup (life expectancy) juga semakin meningkat. Akibatnya, jumlah orang yang lanjut usia semakin bertambah. Hal ini berarti semakin meningkatnya usia tua, termasuk wanita yang telah memasuki usia menopause. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif analitik korelasi. Rancangan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan kegiatan keagamaan dengan adaptasi psikososial wanita menopause yang beragama Islam di Kelurahan Ladang Bambu Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan. variabel kegiatan keagamaan dengan adaptasi psikososial wanita menopause memiliki hubungan negatif dengan interpretasi lemah (r pada −0.1 sampai −0.3). Dengan nilai p > 0.05 yang menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara kedua variabel tersebut tidak signifikan. analisa faktor-faktor tersebut dapat diasumsikan bahwa stress yang dialami wanita menopause dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor dan adaptasinya melibatkan beberapa dimensi dalam kehidupan yang berhubungan dengan stress. Meskipun kegiatan keagamaan pada wanita menopause bukanlah hal yang utama yang berhubungan dengan stress, penting juga menjadikan kegiatan keagamaan bagian koping wanita menopause dalam menghadapi perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi. Tidak terdapatnya hubungan kegiatan keagamaan dengan adaptasi psikososial wanita menopause kemungkinan disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor antara lain sosial, budaya, pendidikan, lingkungan dan pengetahuan tentang menopause itu sendiri. Dukungan sosial keluarga dan anak-anak wanita menopause diasumsikan turut mempengaruhi adaptasi wanita menopause. Selain itu, kemampuan adaptasi seseorang terhadap stress melibatkan totalitas seseorang yang juga menyangkut dimensi fisik, perkembangan, emosional dan sosial sebagai satu-kesatuan faktor yang mempengaruhi adaptasi pada wanita manapouse. Kata kunci: kegiatan keagamaan, adaptasi psikososial, wanita menopause, beragama islam
Efektivitas Pemberian Terapi Uap Air Hangat Minyak Kayu Putih terhadap Pola Pernapasan pada Anak Bronkopneumonia di RW 05 RT 05 Kelurahan Batuang Taba Nan XX Kecamatan Lubuk Begalung Kota Padang
ABSTRAK Bronkopneumonia merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan yang sering terjadi pada anak dan dapat menyebabkan masalah keperawatan berupa pola napas tidak efektif akibat proses inflamasi dan peningkatan produksi sekret di saluran pernapasan. Kondisi ini ditandai dengan peningkatan frekuensi napas, sesak napas, dan ketidaknyamanan saat bernapas. Terapi uap air hangat dengan minyak kayu putih merupakan intervensi keperawatan nonfarmakologis yang dapat digunakan sebagai terapi komplementer untuk membantu memperbaiki pola napas. Karya ilmiah akhir ini menggunakan metode studi kasus pada dua anak usia prasekolah dengan bronkopneumonia, yaitu An. A dan An. S, yang mengalami masalah pola napas tidak efektif. Terapi uap air hangat dengan minyak kayu putih diberikan selama tiga hari dengan pemantauan frekuensi napas, sesak napas, penggunaan otot bantu napas, dan kenyamanan pernapasan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil studi kasus menunjukkan adanya perbaikan pola napas pada kedua pasien, ditandai dengan penurunan frekuensi napas, berkurangnya sesak napas, tidak tampaknya penggunaan otot bantu napas, serta meningkatnya kenyamanan pernapasan. Terapi uap air hangat dengan minyak kayu putih dapat direkomendasikan sebagai terapi komplementer dalam asuhan keperawatan anak dengan bronkopneumonia yang kondisinya stabil Kata kunci: Bronkopneumonia, pola napas tidak efektif, terapi uap air hangat, minyak kayu putih
Keluhan yang Dialami dalam Pemilihan Base Curve Softlens yang Digunakan Tidak Sesuai dengan Hasil Keratometer pada Mahasiswa ARO Surabaya
ABSTRAK Miopia merupakan suatu kelainan refraksi yang banyak di jumpai, dan alat bantu yang digunakan oleh pasien miopia khususnya miopia ringan adalah kacamata atau lensa kontak lunak. Penderita miopia ringan yang menggunakan lensa kontak lunak berdasarkan Base Curve yang digunakan. Akan tetapi Base Curve yang digunakan tersebut tidak sesuai dengan Base Curve hasil Keratometer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keluhan yang dirasakan dalam pemilihan lensa kontak lunak/Softlens pada penderita miopia ringan berdasarkan Base Curve yang digunakan dengan Base Curve hasil hitung Keratometer. Fokusnya adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lengkap dan mendalam tentang Keluhan dari penggunaan Base Curve Ready dengan Base Curve Hitung yang sedang diteliti. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan kemudian dianalisis untuk memahami dengan baik konteks dan dinamika yang terkait dengan kasus tersebut secara menyeluruh. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keluhan akibat base curve dari hasil keratometer dengan base curve lensa kontak lunak yang digunakan pada penderita miopia ringan agar Refraksionis Optisien dapat membantu pasien dalam pemakaian lensa kontak lunak sehingga pasien merasakan nyaman saat menggunakannya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan lensa kontak lunak perlu diperhatikan Base Curve harus sesuai dengan Base Curve dari hasil keratometer. Kata kunci : Base Curve, Keratometer dan Miopia Ringan.
Membangun Learning Health System melalui Platform Berbasis AI: Implikasi bagi Pengembangan Modal Manusia dan Inovasi Kesehatan
Transformasi digital di sektor kesehatan merupakan proses struktural berbasis pengetahuan yang semakin menentukan posisi suatu negara dalam ekonomi global berbasis inovasi. Meskipun adopsi teknologi kesehatan digital—seperti kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence), analitik data, dan platform digital—mengalami percepatan, banyak negara berkembang masih menghadapi tantangan berupa fragmentasi adopsi, ketergantungan pada teknologi impor, serta keterbatasan kapasitas inovasi domestik. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis transformasi digital kesehatan melalui pendekatan systems thinking berbasis kecerdasan buatan, dengan menekankan pentingnya integrasi pembelajaran, riset, dan inovasi medtech dalam membangun ekosistem kesehatan digital yang berdaulat. Secara konseptual, artikel ini menempatkan transformasi layanan kesehatan sebagai sistem adaptif kompleks, di mana AI berperan sebagai orkestrator yang menghubungkan aliran data multisumber, mendukung pengambilan keputusan klinis berbasis bukti, dan memungkinkan terbentuknya learning health system. Lebih lanjut, kajian ini mengelaborasi pergeseran paradigma dari market economy menuju inventor economy dengan menyoroti hubungan resiprokal antara talenta digital, investasi sebagai learning capital, dan transfer teknologi tertanam sebagai innovation feedback loop. Sebagai studi model, artikel ini mengkaji M3 SuperApp by Yapindo dan Yapindo Medtech Hubs sebagai platform berbasis AI yang mengintegrasikan pembelajaran, riset, publikasi ilmiah, dan inovasi medtech dalam satu ekosistem digital. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model SuperApp berbasis kecerdasan buatan berpotensi berfungsi sebagai infrastruktur strategis pengembangan modal manusia kesehatan, mendorong peralihan peran tenaga kesehatan dari pengguna teknologi menjadi produsen pengetahuan dan inovator medtech, serta memperkuat kapasitas inovasi nasional secara berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: kecerdasan buatan, SuperApp, kesehatan digital, inovasi medtech, sistem inovasi
Providing Health Education with Audio Visual Media About Baby Massage on Mother's Knowledge and Attitude At Sumartini Palembang Independent Practice Midwife Year 2025
ABSTRACT Baby massage is a form of touch therapy that provides important benefits for children's growth and development, especially in the 0-3 years period as a golden period of development. Although it is known to have significant benefits, maternal knowledge and attitudes towards baby massage are still low and influenced by trust in traditional methods. Audio-visual media as an educational tool has the potential to be effective in increasing mothers' knowledge and attitudes about baby massage. The purpose of this study is to determine the Influence of Health Education on Infant Massage on Mother's Knowledge and Attitude. This type of research is Quasi-Experimental with a One Group Pretest-Postest design, a sample taken using the Non-Random Sampling method, namely Purposive Sampling totaling 30 respondents at the Independent Practice of Midwives Sumartini Palembang. The research instrument used a questionnaire. The results of the analysis of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test test after education on mother's knowledge increased with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05 and the mother's attitude also increased with a p-value of 0.001 < 0.05. There is an Influence of Health Education About Baby Massage on Mothers' Knowledge and Attitudes at PMB Sumartini Palembang in 2025. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Education, Baby Massage.
Sensory Characteristics of Edamame Soy Yogurt with Stevia Sweetener Based on Scoring and Hedonic Tests
Abstract Edamame soy yogurt is a beverage developed from yogurt made from edamame juice. One important aspect in the development of edamame soy yogurt is its sensory characteristics, which are attributes perceived by consumers. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensory characteristics of edamame soy yogurt sweetened with stevia. The research method used was organoleptic testing through scoring and hedonic testing, which included color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall appearance, with panelists selected using purposive sampling consisting of 30 nutrition students as trained panelists. The results of this study indicate that the use of stevia as a substitute for sucrose in edamame soy yogurt does not have a significant difference in organoleptic assessment and hedonic tests for color and aroma. However, there are significant differences in texture characteristics through assessment tests and taste characteristics through hedonic tests. Nevertheless, both organoleptic tests show significant differences in overall acceptance. Keywords: Sensory characteristics, Soy yogurt, Edamame, Stevia
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Midwifery Services Through UI/UX Design of an Electronic Medical Record System in Independent Midwife Practices
ABSTRACT The implementation of medical records at the Qopitinia Independent Midwife Practice is still carried out manually, making the service process and patient data management inefficient. This study aims to design a User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) for a web-based electronic medical record system specifically for independent midwife practices. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Activity-Centered Design (ACD) approach, which focuses on user activities, and includes a design evaluation using the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). The results indicate that the designed web-based electronic medical record application can assist midwife practices in managing registration, examination, and reporting data digitally and in an integrated manner. The UEQ evaluation showed good to excellent scores, with Perspicuity obtaining the highest rating. In conclusion, the application designed using the UI/UX approach and user-activity focus demonstrated a very good user experience, particularly in the Perspicuity dimension, which received the highest score in the Excellent category. It is recommended that the Qopitinia Independent Midwife Practice implement the electronic medical record system to improve data recording and reporting. KEYWORDS: Electronic Medical Records (EMR); UI/UX, Independent Midwife Practice (IMD); Activity Centered Design (ACD); User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ)
Determinants of Stunting Among Children Aged 24–59 Months in Kuningan District, Indonesia
ABSTRACT Stunting remains a persistent public health problem in Indonesia, including Kuningan District, where prevalence rates have shown fluctuating trends over recent years. In 2018, the prevalence of stunting was 8.2%, increasing slightly to 8.4% in 2019, declining to 5.4% during 2020–2021, and rising again to 6.6% in 2022. Stunting is a multifactorial condition influenced by inadequate parenting practices, limited access to health services, insufficient household food security, and poor water and sanitation conditions. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with stunting among children under five years of age in Kuningan District. This case–control study was conducted in Kuningan District, Indonesia. A total of 188 children aged 24–59 months were included, consisting of 94 stunted children (cases) and 94 non-stunted children (controls), selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-square test to identify associations between independent variables and stunting incidence. The main findings indicated significant associations between maternal education level (p = 0.001), milk consumption patterns (p = 0.029), and parenting practices (p = 0.027) with stunting among children under five. In contrast, no significant associations were found between family income (p = 0.166) and the age of complementary feeding initiation (p = 0.228) with stunting. By identifying key maternal and behavioral factors associated with stunting, this study contributes to a better understanding of childhood stunting determinants at the district level. The findings highlight the importance of improving maternal education and child feeding practices as strategic interventions to reduce stunting prevalence. Future research should explore broader contextual and longitudinal factors to strengthen stunting prevention efforts in public health practice. KEYWORDS: Stunting; maternal education; family income; milk consumption; complementary feeding; parenting practices
Environmental Health Risk Analysis of TSP and PM10 Exposure to Communities Around Coal Mining
ABSTRACT The coal mining industry contributes to the emission of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) and Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) dust which has the potential to disrupt the health of the surrounding community. The main problem with this study is that the level of health risk due to exposure to dust is not yet known in detail. The purpose of the study was to analyze the level of non-carcinogenic health risks from TSP and PM10 exposure in communities around coal mining areas. The research used the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) method. The population is the community around the mine with samples taken at four points of air measurement locations. Sampling was carried out by taking TSP and PM10 concentration data. The research variables included dust concentration, anthropometric characteristics and respondent activity patterns. Data were collected using dust measuring tools as well as interview questionnaires and analyzed using the RQ approach for risk characterization. The Risk Quotient (RQ) values for the TSP parameter range from 0.002 to 0.010 and for PM10 range from 0.1166 to 0.7876, all of which are still below the risk threshold (RQ < 1). This shows a low non-carcinogenic risk to the community around the mine. However, monitoring and control efforts are still necessary especially at points with the highest PM10 RQ values that are close to safe limits. Effective risk management through dust source control, use of personal protective equipment, periodic monitoring, and public education must continue to be optimized to maintain public health and minimize potential impacts in the future. Keywords: ARKL, RQ, Coal Mining, PM10, TSP
Literature Review on the Integration of Epidemiology and Environmental Health in Disease Risk Mitigation
ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the integration of epidemiology and environmental health as a strategic framework for mitigating disease risks in both communicable and non-communicable contexts. Using a qualitative descriptive research design through a systematic literature review, this article synthesizes academic journals, official reports, and relevant books published between 2014 and 2025. Data collection involved structured literature searches and document analysis, while data interpretation followed inductive thematic analysis through stages of coding, categorization, and synthesis. The findings reveal that integrating epidemiological methods with environmental health initiatives—such as Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE), Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT), and Big Data–Geospatial Analytics—significantly improves disease surveillance, early detection, and health policy effectiveness. Moreover, the integration enhances the precision of environmental risk assessment and fosters adaptive, evidence-based decision-making. Despite its transformative potential, challenges persist, including fragmented data systems, limited interdisciplinary collaboration, and unequal access to environmental information. The study concludes that this integration strengthens theoretical models like the One Health and exposome paradigms while contributing to practical innovations in sustainable and equitable public health governance. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners seeking to design resilient health systems responsive to modern environmental and epidemiological threats. Keywords: epidemiology, environmental health, disease risk mitigation, One Health, public health integration
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A Theoretical Study on the Evolution of Modern Epidemiological Concepts in Global Health Research
ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the theoretical evolution of modern epidemiology within the context of global health research, emphasizing its transition from traditional biomedical paradigms toward more integrative, interdisciplinary, and justice-oriented frameworks. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach through a comprehensive literature review, the research synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed articles, official reports, and theoretical sources published between 2014 and 2025. Data collection involved systematic document analysis and thematic categorization, while the analysis followed an inductive approach to identify emerging concepts and paradigmatic shifts in epidemiological theory and practice. The results reveal five major trends: (1) the persistence yet transformation of biomedical dominance; (2) methodological innovation through big data, AI, and digital epidemiology; (3) the rise of precision epidemiology integrating personalized and population-level insights; (4) the growing centrality of social justice and equity frameworks; and (5) specialized advances in wastewater-based and occupational epidemiology. These findings demonstrate how modern epidemiology is evolving into a multidimensional science that unites biological, technological, and social determinants of health. The study concludes that this evolution not only strengthens theoretical foundations but also enhances the ethical and practical capacity of global health research to address complex and inequitable health challenges. Future directions emphasize developing hybrid theoretical frameworks that balance computational innovation with social responsibility to promote global health equity. Keywords: modern epidemiology, global health, qualitative research, precision epidemiology, social determinants of health.
Conceptual Analysis of the Role of General Practitioners in Primary Health Care in Indonesia
ABSTRACT This study aims to provide a comprehensive conceptual analysis of the role of general practitioners (GPs) in Indonesia’s primary healthcare system amid ongoing health reforms under the National Health Insurance (JKN). Using a qualitative descriptive research design through a systematic literature review, data were collected from peer-reviewed journals, government reports, and academic publications focusing on the functions, challenges, and transformative potential of GPs. The analysis involved thematic identification, data reduction, conceptual categorization, and inductive interpretation to synthesize insights from current empirical and theoretical works. The findings reveal that GPs occupy a central position as gatekeepers of healthcare access, yet their role remains constrained by structural issues such as unequal workforce distribution, administrative burden, and limited professional autonomy. Emerging reforms—such as the Spesialis Kedokteran Keluarga Layanan Primer (Sp.KKLP) program and the GENOGRAM model—reflect a paradigm shift toward preventive, family-centered, and interdisciplinary healthcare. Interprofessional collaboration and digital system integration are identified as crucial enablers of quality improvement, though challenges persist in resource and infrastructure readiness. The study concludes that optimizing the GP’s role requires systemic reforms combining professional education, equitable workforce policies, and technology integration. Conceptually, the research enriches the understanding of primary care governance and highlights the importance of GPs as agents of transformation in achieving equitable and sustainable health systems in Indonesia. Keywords: General practitioners, primary healthcare, Indonesia, health system reform, qualitative study.
Qualitative Analysis of the Role of General Practitioners in the Health Care Referral System
ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the qualitative role of general practitioners (GPs) in the healthcare referral system, emphasizing their strategic function as coordinators and gatekeepers in ensuring accessible, efficient, and continuous healthcare services. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature-based study, utilizing data from academic journals, books, and official reports published between 2015 and 2025. Data collection was conducted using systematic literature tracing and document analysis, while data analysis involved thematic identification, data reduction, categorization, and inductive interpretation. The findings reveal that GPs are central actors in coordinating patient care, determining referral appropriateness, and bridging communication between primary and secondary healthcare providers. The effectiveness of referral practices is influenced by factors such as communication quality, system infrastructure, professional competence, and policy support. Moreover, the implementation of e-referral systems and interprofessional collaboration has significantly enhanced the efficiency and transparency of referral processes. However, challenges such as administrative burden, uneven access to specialists, and limited training in complex case management persist. The study concludes that strengthening GP autonomy, improving digital integration, and reinforcing continuous professional development are essential strategies to optimize referral systems. These findings contribute to the theoretical development of primary healthcare and offer practical insights for improving policy and clinical coordination. Keywords: general practitioners, referral system, primary healthcare, qualitative research, coordination.
Literature Study on the Contribution of General Practitioners in Health Promotion and Prevention Efforts
ABSTRACT This study aims to explore and synthesize the contributions of general practitioners (GPs) in promotive and preventive healthcare, emphasizing their role in strengthening primary health systems and community well-being. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through literature study, data were collected from scientific journals, books, and official reports published between 2015 and 2025. The analysis followed an inductive process involving data identification, reduction, categorization, and interpretation to derive key themes related to preventive practices and health promotion. The findings reveal that GPs play a vital role in health education, early detection of diseases, immunization, lifestyle counseling, and chronic disease prevention. However, challenges such as limited consultation time, workload pressures, and lack of institutional incentives hinder optimal implementation. The results also highlight the importance of interprofessional collaboration, digital health integration, and patient-centered approaches in enhancing preventive efforts. Theoretically, this study reinforces behavioral and health promotion models, while practically, it offers guidance for policymakers and educators in developing systems that empower GPs to lead preventive health strategies. Overall, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the GP’s role as a central figure in preventive medicine and underscores the need for systemic and educational reforms to optimize health promotion and disease prevention in primary care. Keywords: General practitioners, health promotion, disease prevention, primary healthcare, qualitative study.
Literature Study on the Implementation of Professional Ethics in General Medical Practice
ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the implementation of professional ethics in general medical practice through a comprehensive qualitative literature review. The primary objective is to identify how ethical principles are understood, applied, and institutionalized in the daily practices of medical professionals. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, data were collected from scholarly books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and official reports published between 2015 and 2025. The analysis employed thematic synthesis, involving processes of identifying, categorizing, and interpreting recurring themes related to ethical behavior, education, and professional culture. The results reveal that the effective implementation of professional ethics depends on three interrelated dimensions: ethical education, organizational support, and contextual adaptation to medical challenges. Ethics education enhances practitioners’ moral sensitivity and judgment, while institutional commitment—through transparent leadership and reflective culture—strengthens ethical accountability. Moreover, the rise of digital technology and global health challenges, such as telemedicine and pandemic response, requires ongoing adaptation of ethical frameworks. The study concludes that professional ethics in medicine is a dynamic construct shaped by both individual reflection and systemic reinforcement. Its contribution lies in integrating theoretical and practical insights that promote the development of ethically resilient and socially responsive healthcare systems. Keywords: professional ethics, general medical practice, ethical competence, qualitative study, medical professionalism.
Experience of Coping Mechanisms in Dealing with Stressful Conditions in People Living with HIV/AIDS in The Bojonegoro Community Health Center Area
The number of people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is increasing every year. Some examples of causes are having sex with people with HIV/AIDS, the use of non-sterile syringes, and an HIV/AIDS-positive mother who is pregnant. This can threaten life on a bio-psycho-social and spiritual level. The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of coping mechanisms in dealing with stress conditions in people diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. This study uses a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with data- al analysis using the Creswell method. Four people participated in this study. The results of this study reveal five themes. The conclusion of this study is that patients have coping mechanisms such as finding solutions to the problems they experience, namely Problem Focus Coping and Emoticons Focus Coping. Where Problem Focus Coping is the patient tries directly to deal with the problems experienced, namely by doing Antiretroviral treatment, while the Emoticon Focus Coping is that the patient can make adjustments to emotional distress not excessively, namely by looking for peers and always being enthusiastic. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Coping Mechanisms
Early Detection of Non-Communicable Diseases Through Free Health Check-Ups in Kolam Village, Percut Sei Tuan District Percut Sei Tuan
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are diseases that cannot be transmitted from one person to another and usually develop over a long period of time. One of the factors causing the development of non-communicable diseases is a lack of knowledge and awareness of the dangers of NCDs, which leads to people not undergoing health checks. This is also caused by people's reluctance to get checked until they feel sick. One way to prevent non-communicable diseases is to undergo regular health checks. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent NCD risk factors through health checks and health education. This activity was then carried out using three methods, namely direct practice to check the health of participants, providing health education, and finally administering herbal medicine. Overall, the results of the health examinations varied from normal, mild, moderate, to severe. It is hoped that with activities such as this, the community will become more aware of the importance of regular health tests for early detection of NCDs. Keywords: Health Check-up, Non-Communicable Diseases
Overview of The Level of Knowledge of Adolescent Girls About The Habit of Wearing Underwear in Relation to Reproductive Health at Muhajirin Cikupa Junior High School
Young women are an age group that undergoes physical changes and reproductive organ maturation. One of the important aspects of maintaining reproductive health is the habit of wearing underwear. The use of underwear that is too tight, does not absorb sweat, or is rarely changed can increase the risk of vaginal discharge, irritation, and infection. However, there are still many teenagers who have limited understanding of this matter. Objective: This study aims to find out the level of knowledge of adolescent girls regarding the habit of using underwear in reproductive health at Muhajirin Cikupa Junior High School. This study used quantitative with a descriptive design. The sample was taken by random sampling of 104 adolescent girls aged 12–15 years at Muhajirin Cikupa Junior High School. The instrument was in the form of a closed questionnaire with 21 statements that included the hygiene of the reproductive organs, the selection and use of underwear, the habit of changing underwear, and the impact of improper use. The data were analyzed univariately and presented in frequency distributions. Most of the respondents were 13 years old (39.4%) and in grade VII (35.6%). As many as 85.6% of respondents had a good level of knowledge, 14.4% were adequate, and nothing was lacking. High knowledge can be seen in the hygiene aspect of the reproductive organs and the habit of changing underwear, although there are still misunderstandings related to the use of cleaning soaps containing alcohol and fragrances for the reproductive organs. Conclusion: The majority of young women have good knowledge, but further education is still needed so that this knowledge can be applied consistently in their daily habits. Keywords: Knowledge, Young Women, Underwear, Reproductive Health
The Effect of Exercise on Reducing Dysmenorrhea in Nursing Students
Introduction: Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) is caused by an imbalance of progesterone hormones in the blood, resulting in pain. Psychological factors also play a role in the occurrence of dysmenorrhea in some women. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dysmenorrhea exercises in reducing menstrual pain in female students during menstruation. Method: This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design in one group (one group pre-test-post-test design). Sampling was done using purposive sampling. The sample in this study consisted of 15 people. Results: The research results were analyzed using a T-test, namely a paired simple T-test, because the distribution was normal. The results showed a t-value of 8.951 with a significance value of the Paired Sample t-test of 0.000, which was smaller than the error rate (α) of 0.05. Conclusion: There is an effect of dysmenorrhea exercises in reducing dysmenorrhea. Future researchers are expected to better control factors that can affect the degree of dysmenorrhea, such as psychological factors, constitutional factors, and activity, and to perform dysmenorrhea exercises every morning or evening so that the results of reducing the degree of dysmenorrhea can be maximized. Keywords: Menstrual Cramps Exercise, Menstrual Cramps.
Genetic Factors, Obesity, Age, and Lifestyle on the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease that continues to increase in prevalence throughout the world, with most cases classified as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Globally, the number of diabetes mellitus sufferers in 2021 is estimated at 537 million adults aged 20-79 years and is estimated to be 643 million people in 2030. This study aims to determine the relationship between genetics, obesity, age, and lifestyle with Diabetes mellitus patients at Bhakti Dharma Husada Hospital. The research design used an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus cases in March 2024, totaling 7,805 patients, with a sample size of 100 respondents. The sampling method used was accidental sampling, and data was collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis used the chi-square test with a confidence level of 95%. Of the 100 respondents, 70 people (70%) suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on the results of statistical tests, it was found that there was no relationship between genetic factors and the incidence of diabetes (p-value = 0.826), there was no relationship between obesity factors and the incidence of diabetes (p-value = 0.406), there was an age factor with the incidence of diabetes (p-value = 0.001), and there was no relationship between lifestyle factors and physical activity factors (p-value = 0.787); cigarette factor components (p-value = 0.104); alcoholic beverage factor components (p-value = 0.824); and diet factor components (p-value = 0.617). Age factors need to be considered in carrying out diabetes care. Keywords: Genetics, Obesity, Lifestyle, Prevalence Diabetes Mellitus